Risks for the development of adenocarcinoma include being obese, which may double your risk by increasing the risk of acid reflux (when stomach acid leaks into the oesophagus). Acid reflux increases the risk of development of abnormal cells at the end of the oesophagus near the stomach (Barrett's oesophagus). Barrett's oesophagus may be caused by the acid reflux from the stomach irritating the oesophageal lining over time. The cells aren't cancerous, but there is a small risk of them developing into adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. However people with Barrett's oesophagus will not get oesophageal cancer.
Attribution: BUPA